What is a Schema?

What is a Schema?

A Schema defines the structure of a Data Table. It describes what data is being collected and how it is organised, ensuring data is entered consistently and can be reliably aggregated and analysed later.

A Schema is made up of a set of Variables, which are arranged into rows and columns. Each Variable contains one or more Categories, which represent the possible values or groupings within that Variable.

How Variables and Categories work

For example, a Schema might include:

• Measured quantity (e.g. Score)

• Year (displayed in columns)

In this case:

• The Categories of the Year Variable might be 2020, 2021, and 2022.

• The Score values are entered as numbers against each Year when data is collected.

The Schema defines this structure in advance, so contributors know exactly where and how to enter data.

Schema requirements

For a Schema to be considered valid, it must meet the following requirements:

• The Variable Measured quantity must always be set as a metric (number).

• The Schema must include at least two Variables.

• Each Variable must have at least one Category defined.

These requirements ensure the data collected is structured, meaningful, and suitable for aggregation and reporting.

Why this matters

A well-defined Schema supports clear data entry, protects data quality, and enables reliable aggregation across contributors, time periods, or locations. This structure makes it easier to turn collected data into trusted insight later on.